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SO2 emissions by explosive volcanic eruptions: 1979-2024.


Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) V2 catalogue: 2005-2024


A reference for more info about the V2 catalogue

Time series plots for 40 regions of the world. Updated daily. GRAY means Oil and Gas, RED means Power Plant, BLUE means Smelter, and ORANGE is a Volcano.

TOMS images (1979-2005) | AIRS images (2003-present) | OMI images (2004-present) | OMPS images (May 2012-present)


Summary of SO2 changes

Summary of SO2 by region.

  

Summary of SO2 by type.

  


Active Volcanism

Earthquakes, eruptions & emissions from the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) at the Smithsonian Institution.

Each week, Smithsonian's GVP publishes a report of new volcanic activity.

The SO2 data collected by AURA/OMI, Suomi NPP/OMPS, NOAA-20 JPSS1-OMPS and TROPOMI for the new activity this week are shown below.

  Week of 02 - 08 Apr 2025


Central_America - Poas: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Colombia - Ruiz: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
DRCongo - Nyamulagira & Nyiragongo: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Halmahera - Dukono: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Hawaii - Kilauea: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Indonesia - Lewotobi & Lewotolok: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Italy - Etna: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Java - Semeru: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Kamchatka - Klyuchevsky, Mutnovsky & Sheveluch: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Mexico - Popocatepetl: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Northern Chile - Lascar: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Papau New Guinea - Bagana, Manam & Ulawun: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Philippines - Kanlaon, Mayon & Taal: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS
Vanuatu - Aoba & Yasur: OMI   NPP-OMPS   TROPOMI   N20-OMPS

Summary of Preliminary Tonnage estimates

Past Weeks Reports

  

Time series plots for 35 regions of the world. Updated daily.

  

Long-term volcanic SO2 emissions.

  

  


 

The SO2 mass for all significant explosive eruptions in our database (VEI 3+) was converted to sulfate mass in this plot using a typical SO2/sulfate mass ratio (assuming complete conversion of SO2 to sultate aerosol with composition 75 wt% H2SO4 - 25 wt% H2O). To simulate the decay of sulfate aerosol mass with time we assumed a fixed, latitude-dependent e-folding time.